Pinaka
Türkiye
Finik is an archaeological site in southeastern Turkey. It is located on the rocky cliffs overlooking the eastern bank of the Tigris, 14 kilometers upstream from the city of Cizre. It has been identified with the ancient Pinaka, mentioned by Strabo as one of the principal cities of the region of Gor
dyene. The medieval Islamic medieval writers al-Ya'qubi and Abu'l-Fida, who called the site Fenek or Fanak, described it as the site of an impregnable fortress, the ruins of which still stand. It gained the attention of some scholars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but was not studied thereafter, perhaps in part due to the difficulty of accessing it, with only trails leading along the bottom of the cliffs allowing access. The site is primarily characterized by a prominent rocky outcrop overlooking the Tigris valley, upon which there are the scattered ruins of Islamic-era fortifications. These appear to correspond to the fortress mentioned by al-Ya'qubi and Abu'l-Fida. Some of these ruins also appear to be quite recent. There is also a Parthian rock relief carved into the face of a cliff rising perpendicular to the Tigris, facing northeast, towards the rocky spur that supported...
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